What is the primary purpose of greenhouse covering materials?

The primary purpose of greenhouse covering materials is to allow sunlight to penetrate, which is essential for plant growth and photosynthesis. These materials are designed to let in the right amount of light while also maintaining a controlled environment. Sunlight is critical as it provides the energy necessary for plants to produce food through photosynthesis, which directly impacts their health and productivity.

While greenhouse covering materials can also provide benefits such as some insulation, humidity control, and pest prevention, those functions are secondary to the fundamental need for light. The primary goal in selecting a covering material is to maximize light transmission to create an optimal environment for plant development.